Finite Element Analysis (FEA) involves discretising a known body into elements and approximating the displacement field in the loaded body by piecewise polynomial interpolation at the elements using the elemental shape functions. Stated more simply, the body in question is cut up into little pieces, the behavior of these pieces is described in some way, and the structure is then put back together. The global response is then the sum of the local responses. An engineering FEA investigation always follows a similar path:

· Obtain an analytical estimate of the deflection/stress/strain in question using analytical methods or strain gauging.

· Develop the geometry using a 2D or 3D modelling package.

· Mesh the body using finite elements (beams, plates, shells, solid elements) of the correct type and size distribution.

· Assign appropriate material properties to the model.

· Apply the most realistic constraints and loads possible to the model.

· Run the simulation to determine the elemental displacements, temperatures, stream functions.

· Validate the results using (1) and use them as required.

FEA

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Stress and Deflection analysis of a grab frame performing an excavator lift.